Paul Tian
饱受成瘾行为困扰的个体通常会经历耐受性（Tolerance）现象。无论是物质的摄入还是特定行为的重复参与，成瘾者都需要不断增加剂量或频率，才能再次体验到与先前相当的快感或放松感。在这一过程中，成瘾者会真切地体验到一种强烈的失控恐惧。
这种恐惧感的加深，往往会促使成瘾者对自身行为进行主动控制。短暂的控制会为他们带来一丝安全感与慰藉：他们误以为自身的意志力能够约束不当行为；认为自己可以驾驭成瘾行为，从而不必过度焦虑；或是幻想在未来的某一时刻，仅凭意志力就能彻底戒除。
然而，一旦恐惧感随着时间逐渐消退，成瘾行为便会重新主导他们的生活。此时，成瘾者的内在机制需要对这种反复现象进行合理化，成瘾思维便会介入。它通常表现为为成瘾开脱、弱化其负面影响，或使“瘾”成为了行为的旁观者而非参与者。例如，暴食者会辩称早午餐摄入不足，因此需要通过晚饭的加倍摄取来弥补营养；他们甚至会刻意不吃前餐，以合理化随后的暴食。部分酒精依赖者会引用“适度饮酒有益健康”的说法，却回避正视自身健康问题源于或加剧于饮酒的事实。
在一次次的自我辩护中，成瘾思维使个体越陷越深。他们倾向于将生活中的不满与痛苦归咎于外部人或事。他们渴望通过掌控自身的处境和情绪困境，幻想创造一种完美的生活状态。然而，成瘾行为恰恰满足了成瘾者对确定性控制的需求，以及对完美体验的追求。
在这种控制与失控的交替循环中，羞愧感油然而生。部分成瘾者会反过来将成瘾行为作为逃避和处理内心羞愧的方式，从而进一步加剧了对成瘾的依赖。
Reference:
Nakken, C. (1996). The addictive personality (2nd ed.). Hazelden Foundation.
(n.d.). 6 Ways Your Environment Is Influencing Your Addiction. www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/all-about-addiction/201808/6-ways-your-environment-is-influencing-your-addiction. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/all-about-addiction/201808/6-ways-your-environment-is-influencing-your-addiction
(n.d.). The Psychology of Addiction. bedrockrecoverycenter.com. https://bedrockrecoverycenter.com/articles/psychology-of-addiction/
English Version
People dealing with addiction often develop tolerance. This means they need to use more of a substance or repeat a behavior more often to feel the same pleasure or relaxation as before. As this happens, they start to fear losing control.
As this fear grows, people with addiction often try to control their actions. For a short time, this gives them comfort and makes them feel secure. They may believe their willpower is enough to stop the unwanted behavior, feel less anxious because they think they can manage the addiction, or imagine that they could quit completely just by deciding to do so.
But as the fear fades, the addictive behavior often takes over again. At this stage, people look for ways to explain or justify their relapse, which is known as addictive thinking. This kind of thinking includes making excuses, downplaying the harm, or acting as if the addiction is separate from themselves. For example, someone who overeats might say they skipped breakfast or lunch and need to eat more at night to make up for it, or they might skip meals on purpose to justify a later binge. Some people who drink too much may claim that "moderate drinking is good for health," but ignore that their own drinking is actually harming them.
When people keep defending their actions, addictive thinking pulls them in deeper. They might blame others or outside situations for their problems and pain. Many try hard to control their lives and emotions, dreaming of a perfect situation. It's also important to remember that outside factors like social pressure, money problems, or the environment can make this cycle worse. (6 Ways Your Environment Is Influencing Your Addiction, n.d.) For some, society's expectations or a lack of resources can increase feelings of helplessness and the urge to control things, which can make addiction stronger. (The Psychology of Addiction, n.d.) In a twist, the addictive behavior itself can feel like a way to gain control or reach that perfect state.
As people go back and forth between feeling in control and out of control, they often feel ashamed. Some turn to their addiction to escape or deal with this shame, which only makes them rely on it even more.
References
Nakken, C. (1996). The addictive personality (2nd ed.). Hazelden Foundation.
(n.d.). 6 Ways Your Environment Is Influencing Your Addiction. www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/all-about-addiction/201808/6-ways-your-environment-is-influencing-your-addiction. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/all-about-addiction/201808/6-ways-your-environment-is-influencing-your-addiction
(n.d.). The Psychology of Addiction. bedrockrecoverycenter.com. https://bedrockrecoverycenter.com/articles/psychology-of-addiction/